
synthesis gas. Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville, AR (United States). Coll. of Engineering; 1992.
23- D.K. Kundiyana, R.L. Huhnke, M.R. Wilkins, Syngas fermentation in a 100-L pilot scale fermentor: Design and process considerations, J Biosci Bioeng 109 2010 492-498.
24- M.D. Bredwell, P. Srivastava, R.M. Worden, Reactor Design Issues for Synthesis Gas Fermentations, Biotechnol Progr 15 1999 834-844.
25- G. Madhukar, B. Elmore, H. Huckabay, Microbial conversion of synthesis gas components to useful fuels and chemicals, Appl Biochem Biotechnol 57 1996 243-251.
26- D. Kim, I.S. Chang, Electricity generation from synthesis gas by microbial processes: CO fermentation and microbial fuel cell technology, Bioresour Technol 100 2009 4527-4530.
27- M.S. Elshahed, Microbiological aspects of biofuel production: Current status and future directions, J Adv Res 1 2010 103-111.
28- M. Koِpke, C. Held, S. Hujer, H. Liesegang, A. Wiezer, A. Wollherr, A. Ehrenreich, W. Liebl, G. Gottschalk, P. Dürre, Clostridium ljungdahlii represents a microbial production platform based on syngas, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 2010 13087-13092.
29- M. Kِpke, C. Mihalcea, J.C. Bromley, S.D. Simpson, Fermentative production of ethanol from carbon monoxide, Curr Opin Biotechnol 22 2011 1-6.
30- J.L. Gaddy, G.J. Chen, Bioconversion of waste biomass to useful products, Us Patent No 5,821,111 1998.
31- G. Najafpour, H. Younesi, A.R. Mohamed, Bioconversion of waste gas into biofuel via fermentation in a continious stirred tank bioreactor, Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 1 2005 12-17.
32- H. Younesi, G. Najafpour, K.S. Ku Ismail, A.R. Mohamed, A.H. Kamaruddin, Biohydrogen production in a continuous stirred tank bioreactor from synthesis gas by anaerobic photosynthetic bacterium: Rhodopirillum rubrum, Bioresour Technol 99 2008 2612-2619.
33- G. Yeol Jung, J. Rae Kim, H. Ok Jung, J.Y. Park, S. Park, A new chemoheterotrophic bacterium catalyzing water-gas shift reaction, Biotechnol Lett 21 1999 869-873.
34- P.C. Maness, P.F. Weaver, Biological H2 from fuel gases and from H2O, Proceedings of the 2000 US Department of Energy Hydrogen Program Review 2000 9-11.
35- S. Robaire. Biological Hydrogen Production using Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19 to Catalyze the Water-Gas Shift Reaction. Chemical and Biological Engineering: The University of British Columbia; 2008.
36- G. Najafpour, H. Younesi, A. Mohamed, Continuous hydrogen production via fermentation of synthesis gas, Pet Coal 45 2003 154-158.
37- W. Mérida, P.C. Maness, R.C. Brown, D.B. Levin, Enhanced hydrogen production from indirectly heated, gasified biomass, and removal of carbon gas emissions using a novel biological gas reformer, Int J Hydrogen Energy 29 2004 283-290.
38- R.Y. Zhu, J.L. Li, Hydrogen metabolic pathways of Rhodospirillum rubrum under artificial illumination, Chin Sci Bull 55 2010 32-37.
39- P.C. Maness, P.F. Weaver, Hydrogen production from a carbon-monoxide oxidation pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus, Int J Hydrogen Energy 27 2002 1407-1411.
40- G. Najafpour, R. Basu, E. Clausen, J. Gaddy, Bioreactor Scale-Up for Water-Gas Shift Reaction, International Journal of Engineering 9 1996 121.
41- J. Phillips, K. Klasson, E. Clausen, J. Gaddy, Biological production of ethanol from coal synthesis gas, Appl Biochem Biotechnol 39 1993 559-571.
42- K. Braun, G. Gottschalk, Effect of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide on chemo-organotrophic growth of Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium aceticum, Arch Microbiol 128 1981 294-298.
43- R. Kerby, J. Zeikus, Growth of Clostridium thermoaceticum on H2/CO2 or CO as energy source, Current Microbiology 8 1983 27-30.
44- S. Sakai, Y. Nakashimada, H. Yoshimoto, S. Watanabe, H. Okada, N. Nishio, Ethanol production from H2 and CO2 by a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium, Moorella sp. HUC22-1, Biotechnol Lett 26 2004 1607-1612.
45- K. Klasson, M. Ackerson, E. Clausen, J. Gaddy, Bioreactor design for synthesis gas fermentations, Fuel 70 1991 605-614.
46- R.S. Tanner, L.M. Miller, D. Yang, Clostridium ljungdahlii sp. nov., an acetogenic species in clostridial rRNA homology group I, Int J Syst Bacteriol 43 1993 232-236.
47- W.H. Lorowitz, M.P. Bryant, Peptostreptococcus productus strain that grows rapidly with CO as the energy source, Appl Environ Microbiol 47 1984 961-964.
48- T.D. Allen, M.E. Caldwell, P.A. Lawson, R.L. Huhnke, R.S. Tanner, Alkalibaculum bacchi gen. nov., sp. nov., a CO-oxidizing, ethanol-producing acetogen isolated from livestock-impacted soil, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60 2010 2483-2489.
49- J.S.C. Liou, D.L. Balkwill, G.R. Drake, R.S. Tanner, Clostridium carboxidivorans sp. nov., a solvent-producing clostridium isolated from an agricultural settling lagoon, and reclassification of the acetogen Clostridium scatologenes strain SL1 as Clostridium drakei sp. nov, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55 2005 2085.
50- A. Grethlein, R. Worden, M. Jain, R. Datta, Continuous production of mixed alcohols and acids from carbon monoxide, Appl Biochem Biotechnol 24 1990 875-884.
51- S. Rajagopalan, Formation of ethanol from carbon monoxide via a new microbial catalyst, Biomass Bioenergy 23 2002 493-487.
52- S. Chatterjee, A.J. Grethlein, R. Mark Worden, M.K. Jain, Evaluation of support matrices for an immobilized cell gas lift reactor for fermentation of coal derived synthesis gas, J Ferment Bioeng 81 1996 158-162.
53- G. Bruant, M.J. Lévesque, C. Peter, S.R. Guiot, L. Masson, N. Ahmed, Genomic Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Utilization and Butanol Production by Clostridium carboxidivorans Strain P7T, PloS one 5 2010 1-12.
54- R.S. Lewis, R.S. Tanner, R.L. Huhnke, Indirect or direct fermentation of biomass to fuel alcohol, Us Patent Pub No 2007/0275447 A1 2006.
55- H. Heiskanen, I. Virkajärvi, L. Viikari, The effect of syngas composition on the growth and product formation of Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Enzyme Microb Technol 41 2007 362-367.
56- A. Amos, Biological Water-Gas Shift Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Hydrogen, Milestone Completion Report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) MP-560-35592 2004.
57- D. Antoni, V.V. Zverlov, W.H. Schwarz, Biofuels from microbes, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 77 2007 23-35.
58- Y.K. Oh, Y.J. Kim, J.Y. Park, T.H. Lee, M.S. Kim, S. Park, Biohydrogen production from carbon monoxide and water by Rhodopseudomonas palustris P4, Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 10 2005 270-274.
59- G.Y. Jung, J.R. Kim, J.Y. Park, S. Park, Hydrogen production by a new chemoheterotrophic bacterium Citrobacter sp. Y19, Int J Hydrogen Energy 27 2002 601-610.
60- E. Oelgeschlager, M. Rother, Carbon monoxide-dependent energy metabolism in anaerobic bacteria and archaea, Arch Microbiol 190 2008 257-269.
61- G. Najafpour, H. Younesi, A.R. Mohamed, A survey on various carbon sources for biological hydrogen production via the water-gas reaction using a photosynthetic bacterium (Rhodospirillum rubrum), Energy Sources Part A 28 2006 1013-1026.
62- G. Najafpour, K.S.K. Ismail, H. Younesi, A. Mohamed, A. Harun, Performance of biological hydrogen production process from synthesis gas, mass transfer in batch and continuous bioreactors, Int J Eng Trans B 17 2004 105-120.
63- K. Syahidah, K. Ismail, N. Ghasem, Y. Habibollah, H.K. Azlina, Biological hydrogen production from CO: Bioreactor performance, Biochem Eng J 39 2008 468-477.
64- E. Wolfrum, P. Weaver. Bioreactor development for biological hydrogen production. 2000.
65- S.A. Markov, P.F. Weaver, Bioreactors for H2 Production by Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria, Appl Biochem Biotechnol 145 2008 79-86.
66- S.A. Markov, Bioreactors for Hydrogen Production, Biohydrogen 1999 383-390.
67- K. Klasson, A. Gupta, E. Clausen, J. Gaddy, Evaluation of mass-transfer and kinetic parameters for Rhodospirillum rubrum in a continuous stirred tank reactor, Appl Biochem Biotechnol 39 1993 549-557.
68- P. Maness, K. Magrini, S. Smolinski, A. Dillon, M. Heben, P. Weaver, Applications of a biological water-gas shift reaction using unique photosynthetic bacteria.
69- G. Najafpour, K.S.K. Ismail, H. Younesi, A.R. Mohamed, A.H. Kamaruddin, Hydrogen as clean fuel via continuous fermentation by anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Afr J Biotechnol 3 2004 503-507.
70- G. Najafpour, H. Younesi, Bioconversion of synthesis gas to hydrogen using a light-dependent photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23 2007 275-284.
71- G.Y. Jung, H.O. Jung, J.R. Kim, Y. Ahn, S. Park, Isolation and characterization of Rhodopseudomonas palustris P4 which utilizes CO with the production of H2, Biotechnol Lett 21 1999 525-529.
72- Y.Q. Nie, H. Liu, G.C. Du, J. Chen, Acetate yield increased by gas circulation and fed-batch fermentation in a novel syntrophic acetogenesis and homoacetogenesis coupling system, Bioresour Technol 99 2008 2989-2995.
73- B.J. Ni, H. Liu, Y.Q. Nie, R.J. Zeng, G.C. Du, J. Chen, H.Q. Yu, Coupling glucose fermentation and homoacetogenesis for elevated acetate production: Experimental and mathematical approaches, Biotechnol Bioeng 108 2010 345-353.
74- G. Diekert, G. Wohlfarth, Metabolism of homoacetogens, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 66 1994 209-221.
75- J.H. Sim, A.H. Kamaruddin, W.S. Long, G. Najafpour, Clostridium aceticum–A potential organism in catalyzing carbon monoxide to acetic acid: Application of response surface methodology, Enzyme Microb Technol 40 2007 1234-1243.
76- J.H. Sim. Bioconversion of carbon monoxide gas to acetic acid using clostridium aceticum in batch and continous fermentations [TP248. A18 S588 2006 f rb]. Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2006.
77- S. Sakai, Y. Nakashimada, K. Inokuma, M. Kita, H. Okada, N. Nishio, Acetate and ethanol production from H2 and CO2 by Moorella sp. using a repeated batch culture, J Biosci Bioeng 99 2005 252-258.
78- J.L. Gaddy, E.C. Clausen, Clostridiumm ljungdahlii, an anaerobic ethanol and acetate producing microorganism, Us Patent
